<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Bo and Choa (2004)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Cone penetration test is a popular method to measure the undrained shear strength soil before and after soil improvement.

<p><p><div><h2>Project Summary/Scope:</h2>A ground improvement method combing vacuum consolidation, prefabricated wick drains, and hydraulic fill was used on the Pier 300, 42-acres located at Port of Los Angeles. The project was used to assess the technology for a future hydraulic fill site at the Port of Los Angeles.</p><p>Subsurface Conditions: The subsurface conditions of the 30-meter square site vary, consisting of intermittent layers of clayey and sandy soils.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Bo and Choa (2004)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Field vane shear tests involve a vane blade being placed into a borehole and pushed to a certain depth and rotated to measure the undrained shear strength. A field van shear test basically measures the torque required to the blade until failure. A field vane shear test is commonly used to evaluate the undrained shear strength of fine-grained clays and silts or other fine soil.

<p><p><strong>Supporting Reference(s):<br></strong><em>Bo and Choa (2004)<br></em></p><p>Hydraulic fill is often a waste material (e.g., dredge spoil, wash screenings from gravel operations, mine tailings, and fly ash) and is readily available in many cases. Generally, fill material is specified either by grain size distribution envelopes or fines content. According to (Bo and Choa 2004), the use of fine material of less than 74 microns is limited to less than 20% for reclamation projects.

<p><p><h2>Commentary</h2>There have been very few field applications of this technology to date. Because of this there is insufficient data available to present detailed cost information.<br><h2>Conceptual Cost Estimating Tool</h2>No cost estimating tool is provided for this technology.</p><p>&nbsp;</p></p>

<p><p><figure id='attachment_1482' style='max-width:500px' class='caption aligncenter'><img class="wp-image-1482 size-full" src="https://www.geoinstitute.org/sites/default/files/geotech-tools-uploads/…; alt="Photograph of vacuum tubes and the pipeline connections for a project in China." width="500" height="312" /><figcaption class='caption-text'> Site overview of vacuum tubes

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Bo and Choa (2004)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Inclinometers are used to measure the lateral displacement at different depths during consolidation.