<p><p><figure id='attachment_1437' style='max-width:438px' class='caption alignnone'><img class="wp-image-1437 size-full" src="https://www.geoinstitute.org/sites/default/files/geotech-tools-uploads/…; alt="Top photograph: Picture of removal of material in a trench. Bottom photograph: compaction of material in a replacement operation." width="438" height="597" /><figcaption class='caption-text'> Excavation and Replacement. Photograph courtesy of Ohio Dept. of Transportation</figcaption></figure></p><p>This technique consists of removal of problematic soils and replacement with good quality materials that are easy to compact, control and insensitive to moisture change. Excavation and replacement is one of the most widely employed and reliable ground improvement techniques with extensive applications in practice. Advantages include simplicity, reliability, readily available equipment and contractors, and extensive use. This technique is applicable to embankments on unstable soils and stabilization of the working platform.</p><p>