<p><p><h2>Commentary</h2>Typical contract pay items and units of measurement used for geosynthetic reinforcement in pavements include:<br><ul> <li>Geosynthetic (fabric or grid) measured by the square yard in-place.</li> <li>Granular material measured by the ton.</li></ul>The equipment used to construct geosynthetic reinforcement in pavements is common to highway construction projects; therefore, additional mobilization costs are negligible.<br><h2>Cost Information Summary</h2>The total labor and equipment cost associated with installation of geosynthetic reinforcement in pavements is minimal. Material cost of the geosynthetic makes up the vast majority of total cost. Production rates for the installation of geosynthetics are controlled by related construction activities (e.g. placement of base course(s) and paving). Equipment and labor resources are easily adjusted to match the production rate of controlling activities with little effect on total cost. The following table lists construction cost items which are associated with geosynthetic reinforcement in pavements, along with approximate cost ranges. Cost ranges are based on data from 2009 through 2010. Readers should carefully examine the project characteristics and constraints and determine to what degree, if any, these factors may influence the actual cost associated with constructing geosynthetic reinforcement in pavements.</p><p><table class='tablepress' id='tablepress-92'><thead><th>Pay Item Description</th><th>Quantity</th><th>Unit</th><th>Low Unit Price</th><th>High Unit Price</th><th>Factors Which May Potentially Impact Costs</th></thead><tbody><tr><td >Geosynthetics </td><td >Greater Than 5,000</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.00</td><td >$5.00</td><td >• Geogrids are more expensive than fabrics
• Woven fabrics are more expensive than nonwoven fabrics
• Heavier fabrics cost more
• Smaller dimension grids and heavier grids cost more
• Specified lap widths impact the total quantity of material required
• Production rates do not significantly affect unit costs
</td></tr></tbody></table><h2>Historical Cost Information</h2>A sample of actual project costs is shown in the table below.</p><p><table class='tablepress' id='tablepress-93'><thead><th>Pay Item Description</th><th>Quantity</th><th>Unit</th><th>Low Unit Price</th><th>High Unit Price</th><th>Average Unit Price</th><th>No. of Bids</th><th>Bid Date</th><th>Source/Agency</th></thead><tbody><tr><td >Reinforcement Grid (Biaxial, Type 2)</td><td >90,023</td><td >SY</td><td >$2.53</td><td >n/a</td><td >n/a</td><td >1</td><td >7/29/2009</td><td >Florida DOT</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=3 >Geogrid Base Reinforcement</td><td >72,000</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.00</td><td >$2.40</td><td >$1.79</td><td >10</td><td >6/5/2009</td><td rowspan=3 >Arizona DOT</td></tr><tr><td >28,100</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.75</td><td >$3.25</td><td >$2.21</td><td >9</td><td >6/12/2009</td></tr><tr><td >5,735</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.60</td><td >$3.50</td><td >$2.22</td><td >6</td><td >9/25/2009</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=2 >Stabilization Geotextile, Special</td><td >12,320</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.46</td><td >$4.80</td><td >$2.55</td><td >12</td><td >3/5/2010</td><td rowspan=2 >Michigan DOT</td></tr><tr><td >3,210</td><td >SY</td><td >$2.45</td><td >$3.25</td><td >$1.15</td><td >4</td><td >10/1/2010</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=3 >Geotextile Stabilization</td><td >32,367</td><td >SY</td><td >$0.84</td><td >$1.46</td><td >$1.15</td><td >6</td><td >3/25/2010</td><td rowspan=3 >New York DOT</td></tr><tr><td >5,200</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.09</td><td >$2.51</td><td >$1.58</td><td >8</td><td >5/20/2010</td></tr><tr><td >13,459</td><td >SY</td><td >$1.05</td><td >$2.51</td><td >$1.46</td><td >7</td><td >6/10/2010</td></tr><tr><td >Special – Geogrid, Type P2 (WT:06)</td><td >6,300</td><td >SY</td><td >$3.36</td><td >$3.52</td><td >$3.44</td><td >2</td><td >7/15/2010</td><td >Ohio DOT</td></tr></tbody></table><h2>Conceptual Cost Estimating Tool</h2>The conceptual cost estimating tool is intended to be used to develop a preliminary project scoping cost estimate. This preliminary estimate can be based on the typical construction cost item values as contained in the Cost Information product or from user specified cost values when such are known. Users should read and understand the information in Cost Information product prior to using the cost estimating tool. You can download the Cost Estimating Tool to open a cost estimating spreadsheet for producing a preliminary project scoping estimate.</p><p><a class="arrow-link" href="https://www.geoinstitute.org/sites/default/files/geotech-tools-uploads/… the Cost Estimating Tool</a></p></p>