<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Fox and Cowell (1998)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Uplift tests are conducted in a manner similar to modulus tests; however, during the uplift tests tensile forces are applied to the pier rather than compressive forces. The tensile force is applied through a reinforcing steel cage to the bottom of the pier. The load durations and holding criteria are the same as for the modulus test. The deflection due to the design load is then compared to performance criteria.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>This method provides a direct measurement of pier uplift capacity.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>Uplift tests measure the uplift capacity of the entire pier. Any major discontinuities will affect the capacity, and will become evident during the test. Typically, only a few tests are performed on a project.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>Uplift tests require the mobilization of specialized equipment and instrumentation.</p><p><strong>General Comments</strong></p><p>Load tests provide a measure of the uplift capacity of a rammed aggregate pier, making this method applicable only to the support of structures.</p></p>