<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Broms (2003)<br>Bruce (2001)<br>Cali et al. (2005a)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Partial column excavation can be performed as part of examining pre-production test columns. Entire columns can be extracted by encasing the column in an open-ended pipe by driving the pipe around the column with a vibratory hammer supported by a crane.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Bruce (2001)<br>CDIT (2002)<br>Garbin et al. (2009)<br>Lambrechts (2005)<br>Navin and Filz (2006c)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Core sampling is the predominant post-construction quality assurance method in current U.S. practice for strength verification of deep mixed columns.