<p><p><figure id='attachment_1491' style='max-width:538px' class='caption aligncenter'><img class="wp-image-1491 size-full" src="https://www.geoinstitute.org/sites/default/files/geotech-tools-uploads/…; alt="A graphic showing an overview of continuous compaction control for intelligent compaction monitoring systems." width="538" height="292" /><figcaption class='caption-text'> Overview of CCC/IC compaction monitoring systems. From White and Vennapusa 2010</figcaption></figure><h2>Basic Function:</h2>Roller Intelligent Compaction (IC) technologies provide a record of soil compaction properties to the operator via an on-board display unit in the roller cabin in real-time with 100% coverage of compacted areas.<br><h2>Advantages:</h2><ul> <li>100% coverage of compaction properties</li> <li>Improves quality as it allows the operator to identify areas of poor compaction in real-time and ensures compaction requirements are met the first time</li> <li>Reduces rework and maximizes productivity</li> <li>Minimizes costs</li> <li>Provides opportunity to “intelligently” pick areas to test for QC/QA</li> <li>Improves safety in construction zones because of reduction of field inspectors on ground</li></ul><h2>General Description:</h2>Intelligent compaction (IC) technologies provide a record of soil compaction properties through drum-soil interaction, and automatically adjust the vibration amplitude, frequency, and/or speed using a feedback algorithm during the compaction process. Without the feedback process it is referred to as continuous compaction control (CCC). The rollerintegrated measurements are recorded and displayed in real-time through an on-board display unit to the roller operator. There are at least ten roller-integrated compaction monitoring technologies available. Most of these technologies are vibratory based systems applied to self propelled vibratory smooth drum rollers. Some technologies have been applied to vibratory double drum asphalt compactors and self propelled padfoot machines.<br><h2>Geologic Applicability:</h2><ul> <li>Sandy gravel materials, fine sands, crushed gravel, sand, and rock fill.</li></ul><h2>Construction Methods:</h2>The construction methods used for traditional compaction methods largely apply for using IC/CCC. In addition, IC/CCC specifications provide information about equipment size, requirements for documentation of the machine sensor measurements and GPS mapping, machine operations including speed, amplitude, and<br>frequency, and QC/QA requirements. Additional Information: Empirical relationships have been demonstrated between CCC measurement values and in-situ test measurements. These measurements are influenced by the roller size, vibration amplitude and frequency, velocity, soil type, and stratigraphy. Therefore, the roller-integrated measurements should be carefully calibrated using on-site calibration test strips.<br><h2>SHRP2 Applications:</h2><ul> <li>New Embankment and Roadway Construction over Unstable Soils</li> <li>Roadway and Embankment Widening</li> <li>Stabilization of Pavement Working Platforms</li></ul><h2>Example Successful Applications:</h2><ul> <li>TH64, Akeley, MN</li> <li>TH60, Bigelow, MN</li> <li>TH36, North St. Paul, MN</li> <li> US10, Staples, MN</li></ul><h2>Alternate Technologies:</h2>Traditional compaction<br><h2>Potential Disadvantages:</h2><ul> <li>The technology needs data management software to effectively manage the massive amounts of data that is produced.</li> <li>The equipment is more expensive than ordinary rollers.</li></ul><h2>Key References for this technology:</h2>Mooney, M. A., and Adam, D. (2007). “Vibratory roller integrated measurement of earthwork compaction: An overview.” Proc., 7th Intl.Symp. on Field Measurements in Geomechanics: FMGM 2007, ASCE, Boston, Ma.</p><p>NCHRP 21-09. (2010). Intelligent soil compaction systems – NCHRP 21-09, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board,<br>Washington, D.C.</p><p>White, D.J., Vennapusa, P. (2010). A Review of Roller-Integrated Compaction Monitoring Technologies for Earthworks, EERC Publication ER10-04, Earthworks Engineering Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.</p></p>